Conway’s Game of Life

Simple rules, engineered spaceships, and computational discovery.

Explore the 16 articles ↓

Where my interest began

My interest in Life began with an article about Andrew Wade’s original Gemini: a pattern that constructs another copy of itself inside Conway’s simple grid. That possibility drew me into self-construction. One of my first results was Serizawa Geminoid, in another rule; I later built Geminoid Particles and carried the same construction technique into Life with Remini.

From local interactions to self-construction

Remini combines modern single-channel construction with classic period-30 circuitry. The key realization was that p30 glider streams could supply universal construction commands: push, pull, and shoot. Caterloopillar takes another route: two moving reading heads construct one another, using still lifes and gliders to carry the instructions.

These articles follow the mechanisms and the search work needed to make the complete constructions function.

Building the search tools

The Simkin Glider Gun grew from a search for useful catalyst interactions. LifeAPI and CatForce made those searches practical; B60 is one of the reactions they found. The smaller conduits and oscillators below are parts of the same experimental work.

Switch-engine ping-pong is a different kind of construction: carefully spaced streams turn a spaceship-and-glider exchange into continuing growth. Its 23-cell seed held the quadratic-growth population record for more than seven years.

Making Life physical

Later experiments explore Life through printed still-life tiles, layers that encode an evolving Life step, and simulated mechanical logic. They follow the pattern discoveries and search tools in the reading order below.

Work in other rules and neural local updates has its own CA Research page.

Articles in this topic

16 articles
Remini’s original still-life seeds activate into working period-30 circuitry.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Remini

Modern self-construction from retro Life circuitry: how new understanding made an old toolkit do much more.

Caterloopillar architecture on the left; close views of glider reversal, MWSS insertion beside a passing HWSS, both stream constructors, tape rebuilding, and deletion cycle on the right.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Caterloopillar

How readers, glider routing, close-spaced inserters, and deletion come together in the 2016 Pattern of the Year.

Animated B3/S23 simulation of the 29-cell Simkin glider gun.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Simkin Glider Gun

The 29-cell gun: the smallest known by live-cell population when two glider output streams are allowed.

A syntax-colored LifeAPI code example initializing and evolving a glider.
ProjectImplemented

LifeAPI

Optimized 64×64, bit-packed Game of Life evolution, with the operations needed for combinatorial searches.

Animated enumeration of different block and beehive catalyst placements.
ProjectImplemented

CatForce

Brute-force catalyst searches that test recovery without prescribing the interaction.

A complete ping-pong exchange: an amber marker follows the spaceship from the first stream to the second, then the return glider back, with both streams visible.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Switch engine ping-pong

A spaceship-and-glider exchange between two switch engines, with a 23-cell record that stood for over seven years.

Herschel evolving through B60 over 60 generations.
ResearchDemonstrated result

B60

A three-block Herschel conduit found with CatForce, forming the basis of the Simkin gun.

B-heptomino evolving through the 46-generation BRx46B conduit.
ResearchDemonstrated result

BRx46B

A 46-generation conduit that carries a B-heptomino directly to another B-heptomino.

B-heptomino converted into a glider over 144 generations.
ResearchDemonstrated result

BNE14T30

Tanner Jacobi’s edge shooter, developed from a Bellman result I found earlier in 2015.

One complete 114-generation cycle of Ocellus.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Ocellus

A period-114 relay oscillator built around a reduced 180-degree reflector.

One complete 60-generation cycle of Simkin’s p60.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Simkin's p60

A period-60 oscillator formed from two B60 conduits with glider-suppressing eaters.

The complete glider assembly, exploded into its initial-state, blue, two orange, purple, and final-state layers.
ResearchExperiment

Conway’s Life in 3D Tiles

Make a Life generation by assembling coloured pieces: six blue, eight orange, eight purple, and four black/white tile types, with illustrated inputs, outputs, and a compact 3D tile set.

Blue printed still-life puzzle tiles held beside a ruler, photographed in June 2016.
ResearchDemonstrated result

Making Still-Life Tiles Physical

Printable puzzle pieces whose connections encode Life’s stability constraints, developed with Paul Callahan and Adam Goucher.

Later evolution of the original 24-cell seed, generations 4,194,304–16,777,216.
ResearchDemonstrated result

24-cell quadratic growth

A 24-cell breeder discovered between the 25-cell seed and switch engine ping-pong.

Later evolution of the original 25-cell seed, generations 4,194,304–16,777,216.
ResearchDemonstrated result

25-cell quadratic growth

The first of three progressively smaller quadratic-growth seeds I found in October 2014.